Phenotype

Definition: A phenotype is the set of observable traits a cannabis plant actually shows, such as height, bud structure, color, aroma, cannabinoid levels, and flowering time. It comes from the plant’s genetics (its genotype) interacting with its growing environment, which is why seeds from the same strain can produce noticeably different plants.

What’s the Difference Between Phenotype and Genotype?

Your plant’s genotype is its DNA, the full set of instructions it inherited. The phenotype is how those instructions actually play out. Light, temperature, nutrients, and stress all influence which traits show up and how strongly, so two plants with similar genetics can still look, smell, and test differently.

Why Do Seeds From the Same Strain Look Different?

Most cannabis seeds come from crossing two parents, so each seed gets its own mix of their genes. Growers call the distinct variations “phenos.” One might be heavy in myrcene and earthy, while its sibling leans citrusy with more limonene. Genetic research has also found that strain names don’t always match a plant’s actual genetic makeup, so the label on a seed pack is only a starting point.

What Is Pheno Hunting?

Pheno hunting means growing out many seeds of one strain, comparing the results, and keeping the best performer. Because seeds vary, breeders lock in a standout plant by taking a clone of it. Clones are genetically identical to the mother, so they reproduce her phenotype far more reliably than new seeds.

Which Traits Do Growers Select For?

• Potency and the overall cannabinoid profile
• Terpene profile, which drives aroma and flavor
• Trichome density and resin production
• Yield, structure, and resistance to mold and pests
• Flowering time

Related terms: Landrace, Clone, Strains, Feminized Seeds

Sources: Sawler et al., The Genetic Structure of Marijuana and Hemp, PLoS ONE (2015).